Passive and Active

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris juga dinyatakan dalam voice. Voice adalah istilah tata bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan kata kerja dan subjek (pokok kalimat).

Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua voice, yaitu active dan passive.

Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.

Kalimat passive dibentuk dari dua bagian: to be + past participle.

Contoh active verbs dalam kalimat:
- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy.

Contoh passive verbs dalam kalimat:
- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee.

Pembentukkan kalimat Passive dari kalimat Active:

* Bentuk kalimat  Passive: be + V3.
* Object kalimat Active menjadi Subject dalam Kalimat Passive.
* Hanya kata kerja transitive yang bisa dipakai dalam kalimat passive.

 Active:
I   wrote the letter.
S      V           O
Passive:
The letter was written by me.
S                  be V3

Contoh lain:

Tenses	Active	Passive
Simple Present	She helps him.	He is helped  by her.
Present Progressive	She is helping him.	He is being helped  by her.
Present Perfect	She has helped  him.	He has been helped by her.
Simple Past	She helped him.	He was helped by her.
Past Progressive	She was helping him.	He was being helped by her.
Past Perfect	She had helped him.	He had been helped  by her.
Simple Future	She will help him.	He will be helped by her.
Be going to	She is going to help him.	He is going to be helped  by her.
Future Perfect	She will have helped him.	She will have been helped  by her.

 
The Passive Form Of Modals

The Passive Form : modal + be + past partciple 

- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy
-Tom will be invited to the picnic.
-The window cant  be opened.
-Children should be taught to respect their elders.
-May I  be excused from class?
-This book had better  be returned  to the library before Friday.
-This letter  ought to  be sent before June 1st.


The Past-Passive form : modal + have been + past participle

- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee
-The letter should have been sent last week.
-This house must have been built over 200 years ago.
-Jack  ought to have been invited to the party.